A unique digital instrument minted on Ethereum, tied one-to-one to a single property. Because it lives on a public ledger, ownership is recorded openly and is effectively impossible to forge, alter, or quietly erase. Legally, the bearer deed is a standing claim against Actum's issuing entity, redeemable one-for-one for the property itself. Whoever holds the deed holds that claim: sell it, transfer it, or redeem it and take title in your own name. The company that owns the building never changes hands while the deed trades, which is what keeps every later sale instant.

A single-asset company incorporated in the property's home jurisdiction. A Spanish SL, a Portuguese Lda, a Delaware Series LLC, depending on where the building sits. The company exists for that one property and is registered as title owner. The bearer deed is a claim on the issuer, redeemable one-for-one for that property; the company keeps owning the building while the deed trades. If you ever want your own name on the registry directly, you can redeem at any time: the SPV is dissolved, the bearer deed is retired, and title transfers to you personally, with the sitting tenant if there is one (the lease and its deposit pass to you with title). Redemption carries the ordinary conveyance taxes and wind-down costs of that transfer, itemised before you confirm. If what you want is liquidity rather than the keys, selling the deed is the simpler exit.

Your bearer deed lives on Ethereum. Your single-asset company lives on the national registry. The link between them is the Actum Bearer Deed Terms, a standing document every deed references on-chain, binding a dedicated issuing entity that owns the company and does nothing else: no staff, no vendors, no business debts. Actum is the marketplace that makes the pieces convenient to operate together. The asset and the legal wrapper around it both outlive us.

Before a listing goes live, its registry identity is checked against the public record, and the vetted regional agency handling it verifies the seller and inspects the property. When a buyer commits, a fresh registry extract is pulled, and the notary runs a final registry check at closing to catch anything filed in between. The report attaches to the listing and is public. Re-verification can be requested at any time by any user, from any agency operating in that country. The fee is paid up front, the chosen agency has five working days to deliver, and the fee refunds in full automatically if they miss. Every resulting report is public, no matter who commissioned it.

Browsing, bidding, and buying an already-digitalized property need only an account. Verification happens at the money moments: buying a first listing (identity, source of funds, and PEP in one combined step), withdrawing money a property has earned (once, on your first claim), and receiving sale proceeds, where the licensed payment partner paying you verifies its payee. Verification is account-level and done once; pass it in one place and every later step reuses it.

From your account, open the listing flow at /list/new. You enter the property's location, pick a vetted regional agency to handle the on-the-ground work, share contact details, and submit. There is no fee to you. The agency contacts you within two business days to schedule a property visit and begin the process.

Nothing upfront. A vetted agency does the digitalization work (deed verification, registry filing, condition report, and the legal scaffolding before a property can be listed and traded) and is paid from the sale when your property sells, the way an estate agent earns its fee. Actum's only charge is the marketplace fee at the point of sale.

A few weeks for the verification work: visit, registry pull, condition report, document review. The listing then sits on the marketplace and is tradable. When a first buyer commits, the legal heavy lifting (single-asset company, title transfer, bearer mint) begins and takes another three to six weeks. From the second sale onward, every transfer is instant.

Most digitalizations come through agencies. If yours is already on Actum, ask them to submit the request from their console. If they are not yet listed, they can apply at /agencies/apply. Either way there is no digitalization fee; the agency is paid from the sale, as it would be on any listing.

No. A bid is a signal, not a payment: nothing is charged when you place one, and the marketplace fee applies only if it is accepted. Acceptance starts a deadline for the buyer to fund the deposit; the buyer may withdraw up to that point, and the acceptance lapses automatically if the deposit never arrives. On a first listing, an accepted offer continues down the same first-listing road: deposit, combined verification, then the legal sequence.

Because it is the first time. We are running buyer verification (identity, source of funds, and PEP in one combined step), holding your funds with licensed payment partners (never with Actum itself), incorporating a dedicated single-asset company in the property's jurisdiction, transferring title into it, and minting the bearer. None of that exists yet for this property.

Once the company and the bearer exist, a sale is the deed changing hands; the building, its title, and its company do not move. The Liechtenstein framework Actum operates under (the TVTG) is purpose-built for exactly this shape, and because the title itself never transfers, a later purchase carries none of the due diligence of a conventional property purchase. The heavy lifting (title transfer, source-of-funds, company incorporation) already happened on the first sale.

A full sale at market price, and an asset that trades for years afterwards without you needing to be involved. After the first sale the property is fully digitalized: every transfer thereafter is one signature, no further involvement from you.

Yes, up to a point. The cliff is at single-asset company incorporation. Before that, your deposit sits with a licensed payment partner, never with Actum, and is returned automatically if you withdraw, if verification fails, or if the deposit goes stale. After incorporation, real third-party costs have been spent (notary, registered agent, company setup) and unwinding follows the procedure documented at signing. Funds return net of those unrecoverable costs.

Bringing a property onto Actum for the first time carries one-time setup costs, itemised line by line in the transaction documents before anyone signs. Transfer tax and notary fees are paid once by the single-asset company at title transfer and never again. From the second sale onward, the only transactional cost is the marketplace fee. Every property also carries an annual reserve to keep its company current (see Costs · Tax).

From /manage, you open the rental flow on the property. The verifying agency, or any property manager you appoint, takes it from there: tenant sourcing, screening, contract, and ongoing operation. The agency surfaces rental offers, you pick the one you want.

Your appointed property manager, usually the same regional agency that verified the property. They handle inspections, deposits, repairs, complaints, and renewals. A running statement of rent collected, fees deducted, and expenses charged lives with the property in /manage.

Rent lands in the property's own account, and the property pays its way first: the management fee, bills, taxes, and the reserve stay covered before anything is yours. What remains shows in /manage as withdrawable, and it moves only when you claim it; nothing pays out on its own. The first claim carries a one-time identity verification, and the money is wired from the property's account by the managing agency. Every step is itemised, from gross rent down to what reaches you. One thing to know before you sell: the balance rides with the property, not with you, so any surplus you have not withdrawn when the deed changes hands passes to the next holder, together with the property's operating float and cushion. Withdraw first if you want to keep it.

Yes. The lease is recorded against the single-asset company that owns the property, not against you personally, so the bearer transfers with the lease attached. The new owner inherits the existing tenancy at the existing terms, and the property manager continues without interruption. The tenant's rights are unaffected.

You sign a lease against your own single-asset company at fair market rent. It looks like a paper transaction (same person on both sides) but it is recorded against the property and visible on the registry. If you later transfer the bearer, the new owner inherits you as a tenant on the existing terms until the lease ends. This is the structure that lets you legitimately occupy a property whose legal owner is a company.

The deed in your wallet is live cryptographic proof, checked against the issuer's register of valid deeds, which is the controlling record. Beneath both, the single-asset company's title to the building sits on the public registry for anyone to check. Chain, register, and land registry all point at the same fact.

The property does not disappear with a password or a key. Until you move a deed into a wallet of your own, it sits in Actum's custody against your account, and recovering an account is ordinary. If you hold the deed yourself and lose the key, title to the building stays on the national registry under the single-asset company, and against legal proof of identity the lost deed can be invalidated and a fresh one issued in its place, under the for-cause procedures of the Bearer Deed Terms.

Yes. Bearers are inheritable like any other personal asset and pass under your jurisdiction's normal succession rules. The practical step your executor needs is access to your Actum account, or to whichever wallet you moved the deed to, kept somewhere they can find it. The single-asset company's ownership of the property continues regardless of who currently holds the bearer.

Yes. A wallet is prepared for you when you sign up, and it is yours to export at any time. To hold a deed entirely outside Actum's custody, connect an Ethereum wallet you control and prove control of it once; the deed moves there. The redemption claim travels with the deed, and any recorded lease against the property (including an owner-occupier lease) travels too. Coming back to Actum to list, rent, or re-verify is always open.

A marketplace fee on each trade, and nothing else from Actum: no digitalization fee, no subscription, no custody fee, no platform charge outside transactions. The platform itself is free to use. What you pay beyond the fee is always an external service at its own price: property management if you appoint a manager, an independent verification if you request one, the one-time third-party setup costs of a first sale (notary, transfer tax, single-asset company incorporation) passed through at cost, and the property's own running costs (utility bills, insurance, building or HOA fees, taxes). Every figure is shown line by line inside the relevant flow before you commit.

On the first listing: transfer tax and notary fee in the property's jurisdiction, paid once by the single-asset company at title transfer and never again. On every sale after that: the marketplace fee only. Each property also carries an annual reserve covering the company's recurring obligations: property tax, mandatory insurance, building or HOA fees, and the administration cost of keeping the company current. The reserve sits ring-fenced against your property, and where the property earns rent it refills itself from the rent surplus before anything becomes withdrawable. When a property is sold on Actum, the sale money tops the reserve up toward its full level before the seller is paid. A live statement is available in /manage.

A graceful sequence of reminders first, soft then formal. Then the remedies run mildest-first. During the cure period you keep full control of the bearer: you can top up, sell, or transfer at any point to clear the balance, and the managing agency can place a tenant so the property earns its own way out. Only if the cure period passes unresolved is the property put on a forced sale at market price. Proceeds settle the outstanding bills, top up the property's reserve as far as they reach, and cover the real costs of the process first, and everything left over goes to you. A forced sale is a sale at market, not a seizure, and you can cure at any point up to the moment it completes.

The single-asset company files locally in the property's jurisdiction. You file in your own jurisdiction on what you receive from the company: rent distributions, capital gains on transfer, and so on. Different countries treat this differently, and a local accountant is worth having in the loop.

Sometimes. The two common ones are withholding tax on rent paid out of the property's country, and capital gains tax on transfer. The structure is designed to make these visible and predictable, not to hide them. Relevant numbers are itemised on the documents issued at each step.